Reaction vessel Clean sample collection vial Labelled storage container Dispensing tips Magnetic stir bar Microcentrifuge tubes for offline washing or analysis NSL Modules Used Offline / Manual / External Steps Centrifugation and washing Buffer exchange Antigen-antibody binding confirmation Specificity and non-specific binding evaluation Particle size analysis Zeta potential measurement Microscopy or spectral characterization ELISA, lateral-flow, SERS, fluorescence, or other immunoassay readout Long-term stability testing Clinical or diagnostic validation